Building Competitive Identity rather than Branding the Nation 

Building Competitive Identity and Branding the Nation are used interchangeably in the literature. This paper would argue that Building Competitive Identity is far more complex than branding the nation. With the latter, utilizing what the nation currently possesses to change the nation's current brand. It is not about terminology but rather a great emphasis on essential elements to build a competitive identity to rebrand the current image. Undoubtedly, every nation has a brand; nonetheless, there is a great dispute about rebranding nations in the literature. The study aims to conceptualize Competitive Identity and identifying major strategies and players. It will provide a closer look at significant aspects of building a competitive identity in the current age. Proposing a comprehensive model for nations of different economic dimensions and strategies to build a comparative identity with the new recurring challenges. The research utilizes case studies and applications of different nations building and rebranding their identity. The novelty of this research is providing a conceptual frame and model in the current age considering the new recurring challenges the world is facing, namely Covid 19 Pandemic and its repercussions.

Key Words: Competitive Identity/ Nation Brand / Nation Branding/ Nation Image Management / Country Branding /Pandemic Public Diplomacy / Soft Power

JEL Classification: O2, O30, O15, O24, O50 

Business on Human Scale: The Case of Learning

Social entrepreneurship embodies the brightest side of entrepreneurship, fighting the long battle of persistent unemployment along with solving recurring social problems. Scholars, social scientists and even politicians have been on a hunt to harness social entrepreneurship and its impacts. Social entrepreneurship is needed everywhere, but it is essential and crucial in the case of Egypt due to its recent challenges of social issues along with its high unemployment rate. Looking for ways to harness social entrepreneurship we were pulled to the current entrepreneurship education in Egypt, recognizing that education is the most powerful tool to change the current situation and culture. Recently there has been an increasing interest in entrepreneurial education in Egypt, which argues us to attract the ongoing policies to social entrepreneurship. We propose a theoretical framework of a teaching course addressing both entrepreneurship and social entrepreneurship in one subject, providing a theoretical part of entrepreneurial tools and social entrepreneurship knowledge and combine it with practical tools such as case studies, seminars, service learning and designing social enterprise. It was designed to fit Egypt culture and its pressing challenge, but it can be also used as a universal guide to teaching social entrepreneurship. The novelty of this paper is filling the gap taking into account the little research that has been done in the entrepreneurship education let alone social entrepreneurship in Egypt. The proposed model is directed to the ongoing policies in Egypt and represents an extension to the existing literature and starting point for social entrepreneurship education.
Key words:
Social Entrepreneurship, Entrepreneurship, Social Entrepreneurship Education, Entrepreneurship Education, Social Value, Social responsibility.
JEL CODE: L31, L3

Business on Human Scale: Egypt's Renaissance

Like any other developing countries, the Egyptian government is facing inflation, high unemployment rate, declining in the private sector and most critical one poverty. Many of which are due to the political and the economic instability. The need for economic development and stability have long been recognized, it’s needed all over the world, but Egypt needs it the most. Therefore, nurturing Social Entrepreneurship in Egypt is the answer to energize the economy and solve the high rate of unemployment among youth. The main purpose of the study is to encourage social entrepreneurship in Egypt, especially among youth and challenge the traditional ideas about jobs and employment in Egypt. Providing a fresh prospect for future development where young Egyptian can do business on a human scale. The research identified the main obstacles facing social enterprise and how it impacts on starting a business. Followed by a detailed proposal of how to build up the sort of environment that's going to allow entrepreneurs to grow and flourish. First by developing the culture through introducing entrepreneurship in schools and universities, provide training and workshops and establish social entrepreneurship union. Most importantly is empowering entrepreneurs to establish a business and create social and cultural values for the community. Social Entrepreneurship is the key to development and it’s the answer to all our prayers for a bright future. Nurturing Social Entrepreneurship has its own advantages and it surpasses all costs.